In-process materials go through several phases: from raw material inspection to forging, machining, heat treatment, surface coating, and final inspection. Before any transformation occurs, the raw materials are inspected.

Cutting is to cut raw material into smaller lengths that are appropriate for forging into crane hooks. Shearing is a specific form of cutting where material is sheared using a sharp blade — like scissors for metal.

Heat treatment is critical in determining the final mechanical properties of the crane hook. It enhances hardness, strength, and toughness while minimizing the risk of brittleness or fatigue failure.

The raw steel is heated to a temperature where it becomes malleable (around 1,100–1,200°C for most steels) and then formed into the rough shape of the crane hook using a forging press or hammer.

After a crane hook is forged, there will often be flash - excess material that squeezes out at the die parting lines. Trimming removes this flash, ensuring the hook conforms to precise specifications and has clean, safe edges.

Coining is a precision forging or finishing process where a high-pressure press is used to Improve dimensional accuracy, Enhance surface finish, Densify the outer layers & Remove minor distortions from earlier forging steps.

Machining is a material removal process that uses tools (like lathes, mills, drills, or grinders) to shape parts with high precision — especially in areas that require tight tolerances or smooth finishes.

It refers to a heat treatment process used to increase the strength, hardness, and wear resistance of the metal. This process is essential because, hooks undergo heavy stress and must not deform or fail during lifting operations.

Dimension check refers to whether hook will fit correctly with shackles, slings, and lifting hardware. The load-bearing zones meet structural design requirements. There's no excessive wear or deformation.

Packaging is to Protect from physical damage (scratches, dents), Prevent corrosion (moisture, rust), Ensure safe transport & handling, Maintain traceability and labeling & lastly comply with customer or export specs

Transportation should be in such a way to prevent damage to machined or load-bearing surfaces, maintain product integrity post-inspection, ensure safe handling during loading/unloading & last but not the least, meet customer and export requirements.

National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories accredited testing plays a critical role in ensuring safety, quality, and compliance with national and international standards.

MPI (Magnetic Particle Inspection) is a non-destructive testing (NDT) method used to detect surface and near-surface defects in ferromagnetic materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt - which are commonly used in crane hooks.

Ultrasonic Testing (UT) is a non-destructive testing (NDT) method that uses high-frequency sound waves to detect internal flaws or discontinuities in materials like forged or welded steel - exactly the kind used in crane hooks. Especially useful for large forged hooks.

The Charpy Test measures a material's toughness - specifically, how much energy it absorbs before fracturing. It gives insight into a material's ability to withstand sudden shocks or impacts, which is essential for load-bearing and safety-critical parts like crane hooks.

Visual Testing (VT) involves examining a component's surface with the naked eye or magnification tools to identify surface-level defects such as: Cracks, Surface discontinuities, Deformation or distortion, Corrosion or pitting, Weld defects & Surface roughness or tool marks.

Rockwell or Brinell hardness tests are performed to ensure the material has the desired hardness. Since crane hooks are critical lifting components, verifying hardness is essential for safety and performance.

A Tempering Test confirms that the material underwent proper tempering after quenching. It ensures: Desired hardness range is achieved, The microstructure is correct (tempered martensite) & the part is safe for heavy-duty, fatigue-prone use. Tempering verification can be done by various methods.

Grain flow refers to the orientation of the metal's crystalline structure that develops during forging or hot working. Instead of having random, weak grain directions (like in castings or machined-from-bar parts), forging compresses and realigns the grains to follow the shape of the component — creating continuous, directional flow lines.

Load Testing is a destructive or non-destructive mechanical test that verifies a crane hook's ability to safely handle a specified load without: Permanent deformation, Cracking or fracturing, Compromised safety margin. It simulates real-world operational stresses and ensures the hook performs within safety limits.

A Spectrometer Test is a non-destructive analytical technique used to determine the chemical composition of metals and alloys. By analyzing the light spectrum emitted or absorbed by a sample, a spectrometer identifies the elements present and their concentrations.

A Microscope Test is a visual examination technique used to analyze the surface structure, microstructure, and integrity of materials at high magnification. In industrial and metallurgical settings, this test helps assess grain structure, phase distribution, weld quality, inclusions, and material defects.